![]() ![]() One of its main characteristics is to present a cobalt content between 4.4% and 5.8%. Īll of them present very complex structures, being the chemically largest of all vitamins, with a molecular weight of 1355 and whose empirical formula is C 63H 88O 14N 14PCo. There are many different analogs and derivatives devoid of biological activities, and there are even different isoforms of cobalamin (CBL). Although, technically, vitamin B12 refers only to cyanocobalamin, actually, the term vitamin B12 is the generic name used to refer to a group of compounds that have B12 activity, such as cyano, hydroxy, methyl or deoxyadenosylcobalamin, and which are also known as complete corrinoids. It is known that cobalt (Co), in ruminants, is an essential component for the microbial synthesis of vitamin B12, a water-soluble vitamin belonging to group B, commonly known as cobalamin, cyanocobalamin or also called the pernicious antianemia factor. As such, cobalt has no known nutritional function, except as a component of vitamin B12, so when we refer to the Co status, we are really referring to the vitamin B12 status. It is considered an essential trace element, because it is required in the human diet and of some animal species in very small amounts, close to 100 mg per kg of dry matter. ![]() Although there is no unanimous criterion about milk production, fattening or reproductive rates in response to increased supplementation with Co, in some investigations, when the total Co of the diet was approximately 1 to 1.3 ppm (mg/kg), maximum responses were observed in the milk production.Ĭobalt (Co) is a metallic element with an atomic weight of 58.9. In general, it is assumed that the requirement for cobalt (Co) is expressed around 0.11 ppm (mg/kg) in the dry matter (DM) diet current recommendations seem to advise increasing Co supplementation and placing it around 0.20 mg Co/kg DM. Cobalt status in ruminant animals can be assessed by direct measurement of blood or tissue concentrations of cobalt or vitamin B12, as well as the level of methylmalonic acid, homocysteine or transcobalamin in blood methylmalonic acid in urine some variables hematological food consumption or growth of animals. Signs of cobalt deficiency range from hyporexia, reduced growth and weight loss to liver steatosis, anemia, impaired immune function, impaired reproductive function and even death. Adenosylcobalamin and methylcobalamin are coenzymes of methylmalonyl coenzyme A (CoA) mutase and methionine synthetase and are essential for obtaining energy through ruminal metabolism. In the metabolism of mammals, vitamin B12 is an essential part of two enzymatic systems involved in multiple metabolic reactions, such as in the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, some amino acids and DNA. Cobalt, as a trace element, is essential for rumen microorganisms for the formation of vitamin B12. ![]()
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